N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bw'izuba: Isesengura Ryiza Ryagereranijwe

N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bw'izuba: Isesengura Ryiza Ryagereranijwe

Imirasire y'izuba yagaragaye nk'isoko y'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, bigatuma inzibacyuho igana ahazaza. Mu gihe icyifuzo cy’izuba gikomeje kwiyongera, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba ryafunguye inzira nshya zo kongera imikorere n’imikorere. Muri ubwo buhanga, N-Ubwoko na P-Imirasire y'izuba byitabiriwe cyane. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzakora isesengura ryuzuye ryo kugereranya imirasire yizuba ya N-Type na P-Type, dusuzume ibiranga, ibyiza, nibisabwa, twibanze ku kuzamura imikorere ya Photovoltaque (PV).

Gusobanukirwa N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bw'izuba

N-Ubwoko na P-Imirasire y'izuba bivuga ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bya semiconductor bikoreshwa muguhimba imirasire y'izuba. "N" na "P" bivuga gutwara cyane amashanyarazi yumuriro mubikoresho bijyanye: ibibi (electron) kuri N-Ubwoko nibyiza (umwobo) kuri P-Ubwoko.

N-Ubwoko bw'imirasire y'izuba: N-selile izuba ikoresha ibikoresho nka silikoni ya monocrystalline hamwe na doping yinyongera yibintu nka fosifore cyangwa arsenic. Iyi doping itangiza electroni yinyongera, bikavamo ibisagutse byabatwara nabi.

P-Ubwoko bw'imirasire y'izuba: P-selile yizuba ikoresha ibikoresho nka monocrystalline cyangwa silicon polycrystalline ikozwe hamwe nibintu nka boron. Iyi doping ikora umwobo wongeyeho, ikora nkibintu byiza bitwara ibintu.

Kugereranya Isesengura rya N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bw'izuba

a) Gukora neza no gukora:

Imirasire y'izuba N-Ubwoko bwerekanye imikorere myiza ugereranije na P-Ubwoko. Gukoresha ibikoresho bya N-bigabanya kugabanuka kwigihombo cya recombination, bigatuma ubwikorezi bwikinyabiziga bwiyongera kandi bikagabanya gutakaza ingufu. Iyi mikorere itezimbere isobanura ingufu zisohoka kandi byongera ingufu zo kubyara ingufu.

b) Gutesha agaciro Umucyo (LID):

N-Ubwoko bwizuba ryerekana imirasire yoroheje yo kugabanuka kwumucyo (LID) ugereranije na P-Ubwoko. LID bivuga kugabanuka kwigihe gito mubikorwa byagaragaye mugihe cyambere nyuma yo gushyiramo izuba. Kugabanuka LID muburyo bwa N-Ubwoko butuma imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe igihe kirekire.

c) Coefficient de temps:

Byombi N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bwibibaho bigabanuka mubikorwa hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe. Nyamara, N-Ubwoko bwa panne muri rusange bufite coeffisente yubushyuhe buke, bivuze ko kugabanuka kwabo kutagaragara cyane mubihe byubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibiranga bituma N-Ubwoko bwibibaho bikwiranye n'uturere dufite ikirere gishyushye.

d) Igiciro no Gukora:

Amateka, imirasire y'izuba P-yiganje ku isoko kubera ibiciro byayo byo gukora. Ariko, hamwe niterambere mubikorwa byo gukora nubukungu bwikigereranyo, ikinyuranyo cyibiciro hagati ya N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bwagiye gifunga. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gukora neza no kunoza imikorere ya N-Ubwoko bwa paneli burashobora guhagarika ibiciro byambere byambere mugihe kirekire.

Porogaramu hamwe nigihe kizaza

a) Ibikoresho byo guturamo no gucuruza:

Byombi N-Ubwoko na P-Imirasire y'izuba ibona porogaramu mubituro byubucuruzi nubucuruzi. P-Ubwoko bwa paneli bwakiriwe cyane kuberako isoko ryashizweho kandi rikora neza. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kwiyongera gukenewe muburyo bunoze no kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi byatumye ubwiyongere bwa N-bwoko bwibikoresho, cyane cyane ku masoko aho imikorere nubuziranenge bifata umwanya wambere kuruta ibiciro byambere.

b) Ingirakamaro-Igipimo Nini Nini-Imishinga:

N-Ubwoko bwibikoresho bigenda byiyongera mubikorwa byingirakamaro kandi binini binini byizuba bitewe nubushobozi bwabyo nubushobozi bwo kongera ingufu. Kunoza imikorere ya N-Ubwoko bwibikoresho bituma bahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kongera ingufu zamashanyarazi no guhitamo inyungu kubushoramari mumashanyarazi manini manini.

c) Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ubushakashatsi:

Ubushakashatsi niterambere bikomeje byibanze ku kurushaho kunoza imikorere yizuba rya N-Type. Udushya nka passivated emitter na selile yinyuma (PERC), selile N-Ubwoko bubiri, na

tandem izuba ririmo tekinoroji ya N-yerekana kwerekana amasezerano yo kunguka byinshi. Ubufatanye hagati yinzego zubushakashatsi, abayikora, ninganda zikomoka ku zuba butera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga kugirango bafungure ubushobozi bwuzuye bwamashanyarazi ya N-Type.

Umwanzuro

N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bwizuba bwerekana uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga ryizuba, buri kimwe nibyiza hamwe nibisabwa. Mugihe P-Ubwoko bwibikoresho byiganjemo isoko mumateka, N-Ubwoko bwa paneli butanga imikorere ihanitse, igabanya LID, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwubushyuhe, bigatuma ihitamo rikomeye kugirango igere kumikorere myiza ya PV.

Mugihe ibyifuzo byizuba bikora cyane byiyongera, imbaraga zisoko ziragenda zihinduka, kandi N-Ubwoko bwa paneli buragenda bugaragara. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ubukungu bwikigereranyo, nimbaraga zikomeje gukorwa mubushakashatsi bigira uruhare mukugabanya ikinyuranyo cyibiciro hagati ya N-Type na P-Type, bigatuma ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya N-rigenda rishoboka.

Ubwanyuma, guhitamo hagati ya N-Ubwoko na P-Ubwoko bwizuba biterwa nibisabwa numushinga, harimo ibiteganijwe gukorwa, gutekereza kubiciro, hamwe nimpamvu za geografiya. Mugihe ingufu z'izuba zikomeje kugenda ziyongera, tekinoroji ya N-yerekana imipaka ishimishije, ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gutwara ejo hazaza h’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kandi irambye.